Terrorism and Extremism: Threat to the Security of Pakistan
There are some events happened when world has been divided, after the cold war the world moved to US allies and the Kashmir issue led both claimants into the circle of nuclearization and the rise of Taliban and the 9/11, these are the 4 events that change the entire shape of the world and world politics as well as the foreign policies of the different countries. And the change also come to Pakistan in the institution of foreign policy, these events force Pakistan to change their foreign policy. These events not only changed Pakistan’s approach towards their foreign relation but also make rapid change in Pakistan’s economic, political and geo politics of the Pakistan. Terrorism around the world taken as a serious threat and every country has developed their own measures to counter it (Carey et al, 2013). Therefore, coalition and other alliances are being formed to show the unity against the social disease. US and their think tanks are continuously contributing towards the development of foreign policy and taking measures against terrorism and proposing the US government to take actions accordingly (Black and Nathan, 2013). Therefore, in the last decade there are many wars initiated in the region of Asia and Middle East; it includes Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Jordan and other countries (Guihong, 2014).
US academia is focusing upon the other factors that are the causes of the terrorism such as poverty, religious extremism, unemployment, unstable political situation, lack of resources to increase the life standards of the people, literacy rate and others. USA and Pakistan are the front allied in the war on terrorism (Everton and Sean, 2012). Therefore, intelligence and other surgical strike are being carried out jointly in order to disconnect the link between the local and international terrorism groups. In the Obama second tenor government terrorism is being deemed due to the corrective measures and counter terrorism strategies are become successful (Jackson and Richard, 2012); therefore, in the international community few and far incidents occur but the major culprits are being killed or captured in the year 2012 to 2016 (kanwal, 2012).
In the war against psychological warfare, Pakistan has endured incredibly as an accomplice in the United States. September 11 is only a fear monger occurrence in Pakistan, however in Pakistan a portion of these contentions have exacerbated open request. No piece of the nation is sheltered because of suicides and fear monger assaults. The stressing financial circumstance, the tolerant political conditions and risky conditions in Pakistan represent a genuine security issue for Pakistan. Islamabad needed to confront a monetary emergency that debilitated its choice. Because of unsteadiness, speculators are reluctant to put resources into Pakistan. Pakistani speculators, merchants and makers are even hesitant to put resources into these nations and like to spend them in low-benefit nations
(Jones & Fair, 2010). Our public revenge therefore increases directly. The current turmoil, the growing terrorist violence, the political insecurity and the growing social talibanization do not fully demonstrate the economic performance of Pakistan. To find a better and safer future for countries like Canada, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates and South Africa, Pakistan also has no guarantees of terrorism or the type of law or the worst order. (Jaffar Askari, 2008). In the last three decades, brain flow has been estimated at about six million Pakistanis (Jaffar Askari, 2008). Weak civil leadership, power struggles between jurisdictions and disagreements over federal-provincial relations contribute to the effectiveness of political administration. This leads to unemployment, inflation and reluctance to invest. This leads to political discussions in central and provincial jurisdictions. Through this negotiation, the economies of developing countries such as Pakistan have common strengths and weaknesses (Murphy 2009, ).
After September 11, Pakistan quickly decided to join. The universal network in the battle against fear mongering .The differences between Pakistani and Afghan politics offer opportunities and challenges for the state. In Balochistan, FATA, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, KPK, in particular, witnessed political violence and chaos. It also allows anti-government elements to benefit from an inflamed situation. Pakistan has not responded to the needs of its people. The weakness of the government and excessive military dependence contributed to political turmoil and extremism. Al Qaeda and its allies are active in Pakistan (Hathway, 2010). The connectivity between Al Qaeda and the Pakistani Taliban is the main cause of instability in Pakistan. This link leads to suicide and bombing throughout Pakistan. Dynamic, are the next years. More than a dozen attacks were carried out against Pakistani, security, government and civil society officials. On September 3, 2008, Pakistan confronted an immediate military assault by non-Indian powers, without precedent for a long time of freedom (Malik 2009, 19).
The situation with regard to security and sovereignty in Pakistan is worrisome. Talibanism has fostered a culture of terrorism in Pakistan, including the rich embassy of Pakistan’s Taliban Army (TTP), targeting assassins, academics and doctors, schools, NGO offices, pillars and bridges, and suicide bombers in mosques and other important places. During many terrorist operations, more than 35,000 Pakistanis were killed, including 5,000 armed men. In 2010, 2,133 militant and religious attacks were perpetrated to kill 2,913 people and 5,824 were injured (Rana 2011, 2). The innate individuals have fundamental needs, awful social and monetary conditions and frail organizations. FATA is the declining district of Pakistan, with 60 percent of the populace living beneath the neediness line. This neediness is a significant factor in the developing militancy in this locale (Ali 2011, 76). FATA thinks about the key profundity of Pakistan and the legitimate domain of the nation. In fact, Pakistan’s foreign policy includes border defense and security, and there is no compromise on political objectives. It is important to maintain the integrity and governance of the entire country by providing FATA, the gateway to Pakistan (Hilali 2010,).
Until September 11, FATA, KPK and other countries in Pakistan had not committed a suicide attack. It was only after 2004, with the beginning of the armed conflict in Waziristan, that the KPK and the FATA launched a suicide attack (Chari 2011, 52-53). The Taliban use these areas because they want to be controlled to prevent other bodies from questioning their writings. At first, it was not on the Taliban border, like Bannu, DI Khan, Kohat and even Peshawar. In these quiet neighborhoods, located mainly on the FATA border, the Taliban occasionally resort to a terrorist suicide approach. The main objective of the Taliban is to damage the country, undermine the moral conditions of its military forces and avenge the military operations of the FATA (Chari 2011, 54). During military operations during the FATA and Swat attacks, the Taliban, particularly Punjab, KPK and Islamabad, also imposed sanctions for suicide in all parts of Pakistan. The main objective is the security forces. The Punjab had been restricted to religious violence before 2004. It also experienced a spiral of terrorist activities the following year. 2007 was the most difficult and unstable year for Pakistan when this incident spread to other districts of Pakistan. On January 8, 2008, elections were scheduled. There is a complete electoral campaign. Benazir Bhutto was unexpectedly killed during his election campaign on December 27 in Liaqat Bagh, Rawalpindi. It was brutal in the history of Pakistan (Malik, 2014).
Others throw bombs on their bodies when the killer opens fire with a weapon. The murder of Bhutto is at the root of the increase in violence in the community (PIPS report, 2008). For the next three days, normal life stopped. The banks and stores were looted. A fire has started on public and private properties. His murder was the worst street violence in Pakistan. In Punjab, 315 people died in 20 terrorist attacks. Sixty-two security guards were among the dead. The suicide bombing in the Moon market in Lahore was a serious terrorist attack. These two attacks killed more than 85 people (Noor-ul-Haq 2011). In 2008, Punjab was the victim of 12 suicide bombings. Most of his cadres are from southern Punjab and some terrorists are Lashkar-e-Taayba (LeT) and suicide bomber Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM). There will also be activists and commanders from Punjab (Noor-ul-Haq 2011).
The cricket assault on Sri Lanka in Punjab on March 3, 2009 featured the fanaticism and psychological oppression that murdered six law implementation officers and injured seven Sri Lankan (Firdous, 2009, 50). This occurrence made the unreasonable picture of the global network about Pakistan. The worldwide group in Pakistan still does not have any desire to play. On December 4, 2010, at any rate 42 individuals were executed 77 wounded and two suicide bombers were killed at the Lane Parade mosque in Pakistan. The Pakistani capital, Islamabad, was not protected against a wave of terror. One of the main incidents was the suicide attack in the office of the World Food Program (WFP) of the United Nations. Students of religious movements in Madrasa protested for the first time against the government due to attacks and raids on the Lal Mosque and killed 150 militants (Khan 2009, 92). The attacks occurred at the Marriott Islamabad hotel on September 20, 2008, with at least 54 people killed and 266 injured (Masood 2008). At least five foreigners were killed and another 15 were injured in the attack. A few hours after President Asif Zardari addressed the Pakistani Parliament in his first speech (Indian Times, 2008), the shooting took place. The most prestigious hotel in the capital is the Marriott Hotel, located next to the government, diplomatic missions and high committees. The campus of the new Islamic International University of Islamabad (IUI), which killed six students and their staff and wounded more than 29 students on October 28, 2010, attacked two suicide bombers (Fajar 2010, 1). On January 4, 2011, the governor of Punjab, Salmaan Taseer, was killed by his security agent in Islamabad (Daily Times, 2011). The reason for his murder was the illegal support to save a girl from the minority of blasphemy, which was unacceptable in Pakistani society.
In the scenario after Gwadar, Baluchistan takes on a dangerous dimension. The massacres committed by the great Bugti, mineral resources, gas tanks and coal are the main problems that create a sense of discrimination. New complications are reported, particularly in India, Iran and international terrorism including the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and the Baloch Liberation Front (BLF), etc. It has extraordinary geostrategic interests. China’s role in the deepwater port of Gwadar (Akram 2011, page 8) is also part of Balochistan’s strategic interests for the United States.Every one of these components add to the interference and fear based oppression in the locale. Sindh, Pakistan’s second biggest territory, is additionally not secured against fear based oppressor and radical plagues. On May 31, 2006, on the MA Jinnah roadway in Karachi, a high-force bomb detonated in a Shiite mosque, killing at least 24 people and injuring 34 others. In July 2007, Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan as part of of the Musharraf agreement. The rally in Karachi welcomed him, but the target of the most lethal attack was the murder of 140 people and the loss of more than 500 people Attack phenomena, political maneuvers, religious differences and ethnic hostility are among the most disturbing events in the region, especially in Karachi (Masood 2008).